Overview
The development of novel and safer cancer therapeutics that target specific molecular targets and broader disease-related processes remains a need. In vivo preclinical studies can help dissect complex biological processes related to cancer (such as angiogenesis and tumor metastasis), validate potential molecular targets, and assess therapeutic response in a whole animal model. Non-invasive preclinical studies enable real-time, quantitative measurements of therapeutic outcomes while reducing the number of animals used in research. Revvity offers IVISense™ targeted, activatable, and vascular fluorescent probes, as well as IVISbrite™ bioluminescent tumor cell lines for preclinical cancer research.
Products for oncology preclinical studies
Angiogenesis
| Probe | Probe Type | Probe Mechanism | Available Wavelengths and optimal in vivo imaging time (post-injection) | Route of metabolism/ background tissue(s) | Validated imaging methods* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IVISenseTM Integrin Receptor | Targeted; fluorescent | Binds to α5β3 integrin. This integrin is upregulated in activated endothelial cells during angiogenesis. | 645 nm (6-24 h), 680 nm (3-48 h), 750 nm (24 h) | Bladder/kidneys (645 nm), kidneys/intestine (680 nm), kidneys (750 nm) | In vivo/ex vivo; in vitro microscopy |
| IVISense Hypoxia CA IX | Targeted; fluorescent | Binds to carbonic anhydrase IX which is expressed in hypoxic tissue, a result of abherrant vasculature. | 680 nm (24 h) | Kidneys | In vivo/ex vivo; flow cytometry; in vitro microscopy |
| IVISense Tomato Lectin | Targeted; fluorescent | Binds to tomato lectin, a well-known tool for studying for studying tumor angiogenesis and measuring microvessel density. This Probe provides direct labeling of the vascular endothelial cells. | 680 nm (6 h) | Overall vascular background | In vivo/ex vivo; flow cytometry; in vitro microscopy |
| IVISense Vascular | Vascular; fluorescent | A high molecular weight Probe with a moderate blood half-life (7 hours), used to assess vascular leak, with ideal imaging times of 24 hours post-injection. | 680 nm (24 hours) 750 nm (24 hours) |
Low liver lung | In vivo/ex vivo; flow cytometry; in vitro microscopy |
| IVISense Vascular NP | Vascular; fluorescent | Pegylated fluorescent nanoparticles that remain localized in the vasculature for extended periods of time and enable imaging of blood vessels and angiogenesis | 680 nm (0 - 4 hours) | Long term tissue accumulation | In vivo |
| IVISense Edema | Vascular; fluorescent | Blood pooling Probe | 680 nm (0.5 - 24 h) | Bladder | In vivo |
Apoptosis
| Probe | Probe Type | Probe Mechanism | Available Wavelengths and optimal in vivo imaging time (post-injection) | Route of metabolism/ background tissue(s) | Validated imaging methods* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IVISense Annexin-V | Targeted; fluorescent | Labels cells that are undergoing the early stages of apoptosis | 750 nm (2 h) | Kidneys (high), liver | In vivo/Ex vivo, Flow cytometry, In vitro microscopy |
Tumor growth
| Probe | Probe Type | Probe Mechanism | Available Wavelengths and optimal in vivo imaging time (post-injection) | Route of metabolism/ background tissue(s) | Validated imaging methods* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IVISense Cat B FAST | Activatable; fluorescent | Produces fluorescent signal after cleavage by Cathepsin B produced by tumor cells | 680: 6-24 hours 750: 6-24 hours |
Salivary glands, liver, kidneys | In vivo, flow cyometry, in vitro cell microscopy, frozen tissue labeling |
| IVISense MMP | Activatable; fluorescent | Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-activatable Probe that produces fluorescent signal after cleavage by disease related MMP’s. MMP activity is involved in many disease-related processes including cancer progression, invasion and metastasis. | 645 FAST*: 24 h (6-24 h) 680: 24 h (24-36 h) 750 FAST*: 12 h (12-24 h) |
Liver, kidneys (645 FAST, 750 FAST) Liver only (680) |
In vivo |
| IVISense Pan Cathepsin | Activatable; fluorescent | Activated by key disease associated proteases such as Cathepsin B, L, S and Plasmin. Can be used as a marker for disease progression in animal tumor models | 680: 24 h (24-48 h) 750: 24 h 750 FAST*: 6-24 h |
Liver (680) Low liver (750) Low liver, bladder (750 FAST) |
In vivo, flow cytometry, in vitro cell microscopy |
| IVISense Folate Receptor | Targeted; fluorescent | Highly specific and sensitive in its detection of Folate Receptor alpha (FRA); can be used to closely monitor and quantitate tumor growth and metabolism | 680: 6 h (6-24 h) | kidneys | In vivo, flow cytometry, in vitro cell microscopy, frozen tissue labeling |
| IVISense Integrin Receptor | Targeted; fluorescent | Small molecule αvß3 integrin antagonist that contains a NIR fluorophore reporter. This targeted Probe detects increased integrin expression associated with neovasculature, tumors, and some inflammatory cells associated with atherosclerosis. | 645 nm (48 h) 680 nm (24 h) 750 nm (24 h) |
Bladder/kidneys (645 nm) Kidneys/intestine (680 nm) Kidneys (750 nm) |
In vivo/Ex vivo, Flow cytometry, In vitro microscopy |
| IVISense Transferrin Receptor | Targeted; fluorescent | Recombinant transferrin conjugated to VivoTag dye; designed to bind to transferrin receptors expressed in cancer cells. | 770: 24 h | Liver, kidney | In vivo, ex vivo, flow cytometry, in vitro cell microscopy, frozen tissue labeling |
| IVISense Folate Receptor | Targeted; fluorescent | Highly specific and sensitive in its detection of Folate Receptor alpha (FRA); can be used to closely monitor and quantitate tumor growth and metabolism | 680: 6 h (6-24 h) | kidneys | In vivo, flow cytometry, in vitro cell microscopy, frozen tissue labeling |
| IVISense Osteo | Targeted; fluorescent | Bisphosphonate imaging Probe that enables imaging of bone growth and resorption; can be used to measure bone cancer metastasis. | 680: 3-24 h 750: 3-24 h 800: 3-24 h |
Bladder | In vivo |
| IVISense Tomato Lectin | Targeted; fluorescent | Targets the vasculature and enables imaging of tumor neo-vasculature, characterized by the development of abnormal, leaky and tortuous blood vessels. | 680 nm (6 h) | Overall vascular background | In vivo/ex vivo; flow cytometry; in vitro microscopy |
| IVISense Vascular | Vascular; fluorescent | A high molecular weight Probe with a moderate blood half-life (7 hours), used to assess vascular leak, with ideal imaging times of 24 hours post-injection. | 680 nm (24 hours) 750 nm (24 hours) |
Low liver lung | In vivo/ex vivo; flow cytometry; in vitro microscopy |
| IVISense Vascular NP | Vascular; fluorescent | Pegylated fluorescent nanoparticles that remain localized in the vasculature for extended periods of time and enable imaging of blood vessels and angiogenesis | 680 nm (0 - 4 hours) | Long term tissue accumulation | In vivo |
| IVISense Edema | Vascular; fluorescent | Blood pooling Probe | 680 nm (0.5 - 24 hours) | Bladder | In vivo |
| IVISbriteTM Bioluminescent Tumor Cell Lines | Bioluminescence or dual bioluminescence/ fluorescence | IVISbrite Bioluminescent Tumor Cell Lines are stably transfected with a luciferase (luc or luc2) reporter gene that allows you to visualize the growth of the cells in vivo. The cell lines are injected into an appropriate mouse model to monitor early tumor development, monitor tumor growth and metastases, quantify tumor burden in a whole animal model, and follow therapeutic responses non-invasively. | n/a | In vivo, ex vivo (dual) |
Metastasis
| Probe | Probe Type | Probe Mechanism | Available Wavelengths and optimal in vivo imaging time (post-injection) | Route of metabolism/ background tissue(s) | Validated imaging methods* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IVISense 2-DG 750 | Targeted; fluorescent | In vivo targeting of tumors that typically exhibit elevated glucose uptake rate in comparison to surrounding tissues | 820: 3 h |
Bladder | In vivo |
| IVISense MMP | Activatable; fluorescent | Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-activatable Probe that produces fluorescent signal after cleavage by disease related MMP’s. MMP activity is involved in many disease-related processes including cancer progression, invasion and metastasis. | 645 FAST*: 24 h (6-24 h) 680: 24 h (24-36 h) 750 FAST*: 12 h (12-24 h) |
Liver, kidneys (645 FAST, 750 FAST) Liver only (680) |
In vivo |
| IVISense Osteo | Targeted; fluorescent | Bisphosphonate imaging Probe that enables imaging of bone growth and resorption; can be used to measure bone cancer metastasis. | 680: 3-24 h 750: 3-24 h 800: 3-24 h |
Bladder | In vivo |
| IVISbrite Bioluminescent Tumor Cell Lines | Bioluminescence or dual bioluminescence/ fluorescence | IVISbrite Bioluminescent Tumor Cell Lines are stably transfected with a luciferase (luc or luc2) reporter gene that allows you to visualize the growth of the cells in vivo. The cell lines are injected into an appropriate mouse model to monitor early tumor development, monitor tumor growth and metastases, quantify tumor burden in a whole animal model, and follow therapeutic responses non-invasively. | n/a | In vivo, ex vivo (dual) |
Hypoxia
| Probe | Probe Type | Probe Mechanism | Available Wavelengths and optimal in vivo imaging time (post-injection) | Route of metabolism/ background tissue(s) | Validated imaging methods* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IVISense Hypoxia CA IX | Targeted; fluorescent | Detects the tumor cell surface expression of carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA IX) protein, which increases in hypoxic regions within many tumors, especially in cervical, colorectal, non-small cell lung tumors | 680: 24 h | Kidney | In vivo, flow cytometry, in vitro cell microscopy, frozen tissue labeling |
Vasculature
| Probe | Probe Type | Probe Mechanism | Available Wavelengths and optimal in vivo imaging time (post-injection) | Route of metabolism/ background tissue(s) | Validated imaging methods* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IVISense Vascular | Vascular; fluorescent | A high molecular weight Probe with a moderate blood half-life (7 hours), used to assess vascular leak, with ideal imaging times of 24 hours post-injection. | 680 nm (24 hours) 750 nm (24 hours) |
Low liver lung | In vivo/ex vivo; flow cytometry; in vitro microscopy |
| IVISense Vascular NP | Vascular; fluorescent | Pegylated fluorescent nanoparticles that remain localized in the vasculature for extended periods of time and enable imaging of blood vessels and angiogenesis | 680 nm (0 - 4 hours) | Long term tissue accumulation | In vivo |
| IVISense Cat B FAST | Activatable; fluorescent | 680: 6-24 hours, 750: 6-24 hours | Salivary glands, liver, kidneys | In vivo, flow cyometry, in vitro cell microscopy, frozen tissue labeling | |
| IVISense Integrin Receptor | Targeted; fluorescent | Small molecule αvß3 integrin antagonist that contains a NIR fluorophore reporter. This targeted Probe detects increased integrin expression associated with neovasculature, tumors, and some inflammatory cells associated with atherosclerosis. | 645 nm (48 h) 680 nm (24 h) 750 nm (24 h) |
Bladder/kidneys (645 nm) Kidneys/intestine (680 nm) Kidneys (750 nm) |
In vivo/Ex vivo, Flow cytometry, In vitro microscopy |
| IVISense Edema | Vascular; fluorescent | Blood pooling Probe | 680 nm (0.5 - 24 h) | Bladder | In vivo |
Choosing the right probe
When choosing a probe for acute inflammation studies, several factors should be taken into consideration:
- Fluorescent vs. chemiluminscent probes: Be sure to choose the proper Probe for your instrumentation. Some imagers can measure both chemiluminescence and fluorescence, while others can only measure one or the other.
- Dye excitation/emission wavelength: Some fluorescent Probes are available with excitation wavelengths that range from 645 nm to 800 nm. Be sure to pick a wavelength that is appropriate for both your instrument and application. Most microscopes filters are not suitable for wavelengths above 680 nm. However deep tissue imaging typically has less background fluorescence and works better with longer wavelengths (750 nm- 800 nm).
- Probe clearance time is typically faster for activatable Probes (particularly the FAST™ platform) which allows for re-injection after shorter time periods.
- Probe specificity: For targeted and activatable Probes, it is important to remember that the protein or enzyme that the Probe is targeting needs to be present and well expressed in your mouse model.
- In vivo distribution: Some Probes might accumulate in organs at timepoints which could interfere with your study. Be sure to check the biodistribution profile of each Probe of interest.
- Type of imaging required for your study: Vascular Probes for example, while useful in assessing vascularity changes in the mouse, do not make good Probes for in vitro cell imaging or tissue analysis. If these types of analyses are desired, targeted or activatable Probes might be a better choice for you.
Application notes and posters
- Poster: Non-Invasive Near-Infrared Quantitative Tomography and Probes for Quantification of Early Anti-Angiogenic Treatment Efficacy
- Poster: Quantifying Syngeneic Breast Cancer Metastasis to the Lung and Response to Therapy Using Fluorescence Molecular Tomography (FMT)
- Poster: Non-invasive FMT quantification of folate receptor expression in mouse tumor xenografts with a new near-infrared fluorescent folate Probe
- Poster: In vivo imaging of tumor hypoxia by a new near-infrared fluorescent carbonic anhydrase IX-targeted Probe
- Poster: In Vivo Quantification of Integrin-Targeted and Protease-Activated Imaging Probes in Response to Anti-Angiogenic Therapy using Quantitative Fluorescence Tomography
For research use only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.