The Total HDAC4 kit is designed to monitor the expression level of cellular HDAC4, and can be used as a normalization assay for the Phospho-HDAC4 Ser246 Detection Kit.
For research use only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. All products to be used in accordance with applicable laws and regulations including without limitation, consumption and disposal requirements under European REACH regulations (EC 1907/2006).
Feature | Specification |
---|---|
Application | Cell Signaling |
Sample Volume | 16 µL |
The Total HDAC4 kit is designed to monitor the expression level of cellular HDAC4, and can be used as a normalization assay for the Phospho-HDAC4 Ser246 Detection Kit.
For research use only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. All products to be used in accordance with applicable laws and regulations including without limitation, consumption and disposal requirements under European REACH regulations (EC 1907/2006).
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate chromatin remodeling and subsequent gene transcription by controlling the status of histone acetylation. Histone deacetylation induces a condensed chromatin conformation, contributing to the repression of gene transcription which is involved in diverse physiological processes.
Importantly, HDACs are dysregulated in a number of brain disorders, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of these diseases, autism, Alzheimer's disease, and depressive disorders. It suggests that HDACs might be potential targets for the treatment of brain disorders.
Among class II HDACs, HDAC4 is a specific target for the treatment of ischemic stroke. It plays a key role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke and also in post-stroke recovery by affecting neuronal death, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis.
Epigenetic pathways define biologically relevant subsets of human cancers. EZH2 activation and HDAC4 activation correlate with growth factor signaling and inflammation, respectively, and represent two distinct states for cancer cells. This understanding may enable us to identify targetable drivers in breast cancer and mesenchymal glioblastoma.
Application |
Cell Signaling
|
---|---|
Brand |
HTRF
|
Detection Modality |
HTRF
|
Lysis Buffer Compatibility |
Lysis Buffer 1
Lysis Buffer 2
Lysis Buffer 3
Lysis Buffer 4
|
Molecular Modification |
Total
|
Product Group |
Kit
|
Sample Volume |
16 µL
|
Shipping Conditions |
Shipped in Dry Ice
|
Target Class |
Phosphoproteins
|
Target Species |
Human
Mouse
|
Technology |
TR-FRET
|
Unit Size |
500 Assay Points
|
The Total-HDAC4 assay quantifies the expression level of HDAC4 in a cell lysate. Unlike Western Blot, the assay is entirely plate-based and does not require gels, electrophoresis, or transfer. The Total-HDAC4 assay uses two labeled antibodies: one coupled to a donor fluorophore, the other to an acceptor. Both antibodies are highly specific for a distinct epitope on the protein. In presence of HDAC4 in a cell extract, the addition of these conjugates brings the donor fluorophore into close proximity with the acceptor and thereby generates a FRET signal. Its intensity is directly proportional to the concentration of the protein present in the sample, and provides a means of assessing the protein’s expression under a no-wash assay format.
The 2 plate protocol involves culturing cells in a 96-well plate before lysis, then transferring lysates into a 384-well low volume detection plate before the addition of Total HDAC4 HTRF detection reagents. This protocol enables the cells' viability and confluence to be monitored.
Detection of total HDAC4 with HTRF reagents can be performed in a single plate used for culturing, stimulation, and lysis. No washing steps are required. This HTS designed protocol enables miniaturization while maintaining robust HTRF quality.
MOLT-4 cells (Immortalized Human acute T lymphoblastic leukemia) were seeded in a 96-well culture-treated plate at 300,000 cells/well, After treatment with increasing concentrations of Forskolin or H-1152 for 2h at 37 ° C, 5% CO2, 10 µl of supplemented Lysis Buffer#4 (4X) were dispensed into each well for 30 min at RT under gentle shaking. After cell lysis, 16 µL of lysates were transferred into a 384-well low volume white microplate and 4 µL of the HTRF Total HDAC4 or Phospho-HDAC4(Ser246) detection antibodies were added. The HTRF signal was recorded after an overnight incubation.
Forskolin is a cell-permeable compound that directly activates adenylyl cyclase, the enzyme that produces cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). As a result, cAMP levels rise in the cell. It is an important second messenger involved in many signal transduction pathways, including the activation of protein kinase A (PKA). It has been demonstrated that forskolin-treated cells show a decrease in phosphorylated HDAC4 protein expression levels.
H-1152 has been described as being a membrane-permeable inhibitor for calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), with an IC50 around 180nM.
As expected, the results obtained show a clear dose-dependent inhibition of the HDAC4 phosphorylation at Ser246 upon treatment with Forskolin and H-1152, while the HDAC4 protein expression level remains constant.
MOLT-4 cells were treated with 2µM of SMARTPool Accell siRNA (Horizon) specifically targeting HDAC4 (#E-003497-00-0020) and HDAC5 (#E-003498-00-0020), or with a non-targeting siRNA (#D-001910-10-05) included as control, in a 96-well plate (40,000 cells/well) under 150 µL for 96H. After medium removal by centrifugation (8min at 1400 rpm), cells were lysed with 50 µL lysis buffer #4 (1X) for 30 min at RT under gentle shaking, and 16 µL of lysates were transferred into a low volume white microplate before the addition of 4 µL of premixed HTRF Total HDAC4 detection antibodies. The HTRF signal was recorded after an overnight incubation at RT.
Cell treatment with HDAC4 siRNA led to a significant downregulation of HDAC4 with a 76% signal decrease compared to the cells transfected with the non-targeting siRNA.
Despite high homology between the class IIa proteins, no decrease in signal was observed with cells treated with HDAC5 siRNA, demonstrating the specificity of the kit.
Adherent Human cell lines: HELA (Cervix), HEK293 (kidney), and mouse cell line NIH3T3 were plated in 96-well culture plates at a density of 200,000 cells /well and incubated for 24 hours at 37°C, 5% CO2. After culture medium removal, the cells were lysed with 50 µL of supplemented lysis buffer #4 (1X) for 30 min at RT under gentle shaking.
The suspension immune Human cell lines MOLT-4, JURKAT, and THP-1 (Acute Leukemia) were dispensed at 30 µL into a 96-well plate at a density of 150,000 cells/well, incubated for 1h at 37°C, 5% CO2, and lysed with 10 µL of supplemented lysis buffer #4 (4X) for 30 min at RT under gentle shaking.
The Total HDAC4 protein expression level was assessed with the HTRF Total HDAC4 kit. Briefly, 16 µL of cell lysate were transferred into a low volume white microplate, followed by 4 µL of premixed HTRF detection reagents. The HTRF signal was recorded after an overnight incubation at RT.
Total HDAC4 protein is well-detected in suspension and adherent cell lines at different levels. For a determined cellular model, cell density optimization is mandatory to be within the dynamic range of the kit.
The HTRF Total-HDAC4 assay efficiently detects endogenous HDAC4 protein in various human cellular models expressing different levels of the protein and also in mouse models, like the NI3T3 cell line.
MOLT-4 cells were cultured in a T175 flask in complete culture medium at 37°C, 5% CO2. After a 24H incubation, the cells were lysed with 3 mL of supplemented lysis buffer #4 (1X) for 30 minutes at RT under gentle shaking.
Serial dilutions of the cell lysate were performed using supplemented lysis buffer, and 16 µL of each dilution were transferred into a low volume white microplate. before the addition of 4 µL of Total- HDAC4 detection reagents. Equal amounts of lysates were used for a side by side comparison between HTRF and Western Blot.
A side by side comparison of Western Blot and HTRF demonstrates that the HTRF assay is 8-fold more sensitive than the Western Blot, at least under these experimental conditions.
HDAC4 shuttles dynamically between nucleus and cytoplasm, depending on its phosphorylation status.
In response to stress signals, kinases, including protein kinase C (PKC), protein kinase D (PKD), and calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase (CaMK), directly phosphorylate HDAC4 to trigger its nucleus to cytoplasm export. Phosphorylated HDAC4 binds to 14-3-3 and remains in the cytoplasm. The cytoplasmic form of HDAC4 might possess protein deacetylase activity. Compressive stimuli increases the activity of PP2A, which leads to dephosphorylation of HDAC4, which then detaches from 14-3-3 proteins and relocates to the nucleus to repress transcription factors.
Runx2 encodes a member of the peptidase M10 family of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Proteins in this family are involved in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis.
MEF2 is a family of transcription factors important in muscle cell differentiation and apoptosis.
Also, HDAC4 interacts with and deacetylates STAT1 to promote the phosphorylation and activation of STAT1. This then translocates into the nucleus to induce gene expression, leading to the induction of inflammation and apoptosis, and the suppression of autophagy.
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This guide provides you an overview of HTRF applications in several therapeutic areas.
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