The total FoxO1 kit monitors the cellular active form of FoxO1 and can be used as a normalization assay for the phospho-FoxO1 kit.
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The Total FoxO1 cellular assay monitors total FoxO1 and is used as a normalization assay with the phospho-FoxO1 kit. FoxO1 is a member of the Forkhead transcription factor FOXO subfamily, highly expressed in insulin-responsive tissues where it regulates glucose/lipid metabolism and stress resistance. It also functions as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting cell proliferation. FoxO1 deregulation plays a critical role in the development of metabolic disorders such as diabetes and NAFLD. Its dysfunction is also linked to various types of cancer.
Assay Points |
500
|
---|---|
Assay Target Type |
Kit
|
Assay Technology |
HTRF
|
Brand |
HTRF
|
Quantity |
1
|
Shipping Conditions |
Shipped in Dry Ice
|
Therapeutic Area |
Metabolism/Diabetes
NASH/Fibrosis
Oncology & Inflammation
|
Unit Size |
500 Assay Points
|
The Total-FoxO1 assay quantifies the expression level of FoxO1 in a cell lysate. Contrary to Western Blot, the assay is entirely plate-based and does not require gels, electrophoresis or transfer. The Total-FoxO1 assay uses two labeled antibodies: one coupled to a donor fluorophore, the other to an acceptor. Both antibodies are highly specific for a distinct epitope on the protein. In presence of FoxO1 in a cell extract, the addition of these conjugates brings the donor fluorophore into close proximity with the acceptor and thereby generates a FRET signal. Its intensity is directly proportional to the concentration of the protein present in the sample, and provides a means of assessing the proteins expression under a no-wash assay format.
The 2 plate protocol involves culturing cells in a 96-well plate before lysis then transferring lysates to a 384-well low volume detection plate before adding Total FGFR2 HTRF detection reagents. This protocol enables the cells' viability and confluence to be monitored.
Detection of total FGFR2 with HTRF reagents can be performed in a single plate used for culturing, stimulation and lysis. No washing steps are required. This HTS designed protocol enables miniaturization while maintaining robust HTRF quality.
Huma HepG2 and mouse C2C12 cells were plated and cultured in a high-glucose medium prior to treatment with increasing concentrations of insulin for 1 hour. After lysis, cells were transferred twice over into a low volume white microplate finally before before the addition of the HTRF phospho-FoxO1 or total FoxO1 detection antibodies. The HTRF signal was recorded after 4 hours of incubation. In both cell lines, insulin treatment induces FoxO1 phosphorylation on Ser256 (inactivation), while its expression level remains stable.
Human HepG2 cells were plated and cultured in high-glucose culture medium before being treated with a cocktail of TNF-a/IL-1ß/IL-6 or H2O2. Following lysis, soluble cell lysates were transferred twice over into a low volume white microplate before finally adding HTRF phospho-FoxO1 or total FoxO1 detection antibodies. Results indicate pro-inflammatory cytokines and ROS (reactive oxygen species) are factors driving metabolic deregulation by inducing FoxO1 dephosphorylation (activation) in HepG2 cell line, while its expression level remains stable.
Mouse pancreatic ß-cell line Min-6 was plated and cultured in high-glucose culture medium for 3 days prior to treatment with increasing concentrations Wortmannin for 1 hour. Following lysis, cell lysates were transferred twice over into a low volume white microplate before finally adding HTRF phospho-FoxO1 or total FoxO1 detection antibodies. Results showed Wortmannin induces PI3K/AKT pathway inhibition, leading to FoxO1 dephosphorylation (activation) in Min-6 cell line. The FoxO1 expression level remains stable, demonstrating that there is no cytotoxic effect of the compound on the cells.
Human HeLa cells were plated and cultured in complete medium and incubated for 24. They were then incubated overnight in serum-free medium before treatment with increasing concentrations of IGF-1. Following lysis, cell lysates were transferred twice over into a low volume white microplate before the addition of phospho or total FoxO1 antibodies. Results show that the growth factor IGF-1 induces FoxO1 inactivation by phosphorylation on Ser256, leading to tumor cell proliferation and that it's expression level remains stable.
HEK293 cells were seeded and cultured in complete medium until 90% confluency was reached. Following lysis, soluble supernatants were collected via centrifugation. Serial dilutions of the cell lysate were performed and transferred into a low volume white microplate before the addition of HTRF phospho- or total detection antibodies. Equal amounts of lysates were used for a side by side comparison between WB and HTRF. The HTRF assay is shown to be 2-fold more sensitive than the Western Blot technique. Using the HTRF Total FoxO1 kit the HTRF assay is 8-fold more sensitive than the WB.
The Insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway activates the AKT kinase which in turn phosphorylates FoxO1 on Ser256, leading to its cytoplasmic sequestration and the inhibition of its transcriptional activity. In these conditions, hepatic glucose production is inhibited, lipogenesis increases, and cells proliferate. Conversely, the dephosphorylated form of FoxO1 can translocate to the nucleus and induce the transcription of genes involved in glucose production, lipolysis, inhibition of lipogenesis, stress resistance, apoptosis, autophagy and inflammation. The stress proteins JNK and p38 activate FoxO1 in the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as oxidative stress, fasting and exercise.
HTRF™ Application Note
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a range of liver conditions unrelated to alcohol...
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